Rulers of the German States

The House of Brunswick-Lüneburg²
House of Welf – Dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg
  Otto I, the Child (1235-1252)&nbsp
House of Welf
  John (1252-1277)&nbsp
  Otto II, the Severe (1277-1330)&nbsp
  Otto III (1330-1352)&nbsp
  William (1330-1369)&nbsp
Old Line of Brunswick
  Albert I, the Great (1252-1279)&nbsp
  Henry the Singular (1279-1286)&nbsp
  William (1279-1292)&nbsp
  Albert II, the Fat (1279-1318)&nbsp
  Otto the Mild (1318-1344)&nbsp
  Ernest (1344-1345)&nbsp
  Magnus I, the Pious (1344-1369)&nbsp
  Magnus II, the Younger (1369-1373)&nbsp
  Frederick (1373-1400)&nbsp
Middle Line of Lüneburg
  Henry I (1388-1416)&nbsp
  William I, the Victorious (1416-1428)&nbsp
  Bernard I (1428-1434)&nbsp
  Frederick the Pious (1434-1441)&nbsp
  Otto I, the Lame (1434-1446)&nbsp
  Frederick the Pious (1446-1458)&nbsp
  Bernard II (1458-1464)&nbsp
  Otto II (1464-1471)&nbsp
  Henry II, the Middle (1471-1522)&nbsp
  Otto III (1522-1527)&nbsp
  Ernest I, the Confessor (1522-1546)&nbsp
  Francis (1536-1539)&nbsp
  Francis Otto (1546-1559)&nbsp
Middle Line of Brunswick
  Bernard I (1388-1428)&nbsp
  William I, the Victorious (1428-1482)&nbsp
  Henry the Pacific (1432-1473)&nbsp
  Frederick (1482-1484)&nbsp
  William II, the Younger (1482-1495)&nbsp
Line of Calenberg
  Erik I, the Elder (1495-1540)&nbsp
  Erik II, the Younger (1540-1584)&nbsp
Line of Wolfenbüttel
  Henry I, the Elder (1495-1514)&nbsp
  Henry II, the Younger (1514-1568)&nbsp
  Julius (1568-1589)&nbsp
  Henry Julius (1589-1613)&nbsp
  Frederick Ulrich (1613-1634)&nbsp
New Line of Lüneburg
  William the Younger (1559-1592)&nbsp
  Ernest II (1592-1611)&nbsp
  Christian (1611-1633)&nbsp
  Augustus the Elder (1633-1636)&nbsp
  George (1636-1641)&nbsp
  Frederick (1636-1648)&nbsp
  Christian Louis (1641-1665)&nbsp
  George William (1648-1705)&nbsp
  John Frederick (1665-1679)&nbsp
Electors of Hanover
  Ernest Augustus (1679-1698)&nbsp
  George Louis (1698-1727)&nbsp
  Union with England (1727-1837)
Kings of Hanover
  Ernest Augustus (1837-1851)&nbsp
  George V (1851-1866)&nbsp
  Union with Prussia in 1866
New Line of Brunswick – Dukes of Brunswick
  Henry (1559-1598)&nbsp
  Julius Ernest (1598-1636)&nbsp
  Augustus the Younger (1636-1666)&nbsp
  Rudolf Augustus (1666-1704)&nbsp
  Anthony Ulrich (1704-1714)&nbsp
  Augustus William (1714-1731)&nbsp
  Louis Rudolf (1731-1735)&nbsp
Line of Bevern
  Ferdinand Albert (1735)&nbsp
  Charles I (1735-1780)&nbsp
  Charles William Ferdinand (1780-1806)&nbsp
  Frederick William (1806-1815)&nbsp
  Charles II (1815-1830)&nbsp
  William (1830-1884)&nbsp
  Albert of Prussia (1885-1906)&nbsp
  John Albert of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1907-1913)&nbsp
Line of Hanover
  Ernest Augustus (1913-1918)&nbsp
  Proclamation of a Republic in 1918

The House of Hesse²
Landgraves of Hesse
  Henry I, the Child (1264-1308)&nbsp
  Henry the Younger (1284-1298, co-regent)&nbsp
  John (1308-1311)&nbsp
  Otto (1308-1328)&nbsp
  Henry II, the Iron (1328-1376)&nbsp
  Herman the Learned (1376-1413)&nbsp
  Louis II, the Peaceful (1413-1458)&nbsp
Old Line of Upper Hesse
  Henry III, the Rich (1458-1483)&nbsp
  William III, the Younger (1483-1500)&nbsp
Old Line of Lower Hesse
  Louis III, the Frank (1458-1471)&nbsp
  William I, the Elder (1471-1493)&nbsp
Landgraves of Hesse
  William II, the Middle (1493-1509)&nbsp
  Philip the Magnanimous (1509-1567)&nbsp
Line of Cassel
  William IV, the Wise (1567-1592)&nbsp
  Maurice the Learned (1592-1627)&nbsp
  William V, the Constant (1627-1637)&nbsp
  William VI, the Just (1637-1663)&nbsp
  William VII (1663-1670)&nbsp
  Charles (1670-1730)&nbsp
  Frederick I (1730-1751)&nbsp
  William VIII (1751-1760)&nbsp
  Frederick II (1760-1785)&nbsp
Electors of Hesse
  William IX (I) (1785-1821)&nbsp
  William II (1821-1847)&nbsp
  Frederick William I (1847-1866)&nbsp
Line of Darmstadt
  George I, the Pious (1567-1596)&nbsp
  Louis V, the Faithful (1596-1626)&nbsp
  George II (1626-1661)&nbsp
  Louis VI (1661-1678)&nbsp
  Louis VII (1678)&nbsp
  Ernest Louis (1678-1739)&nbsp
  Louis VIII (1739-1768)&nbsp
  Louis IX (1768-1790)&nbsp
Grand Dukes of Hesse
  Louis X (I) (1790-1830)&nbsp
  Louis II (1830-1848)&nbsp
  Louis III (1848-1877)&nbsp
  Louis IV (1877-1892)&nbsp
  Ernest Louis (1892-1918)&nbsp
  Proclamation of a Republic in 1918

The House of Hohenzollern³
Electors of Brandenburg
  Frederick I (1415-1440)&nbsp
  Frederick the Fat (1440-1463)&nbsp
  Frederick II, the Iron Margrave (1440-1470)&nbsp
  Albert Achilles (1470-1486)&nbsp
  John Cicero (1486-1499)&nbsp
  Joachim I, Nestor (1499-1535)&nbsp
  John (1535-1571)&nbsp
  Joachim II, Hector (1535-1571)&nbsp
  John George (1571-1598)&nbsp
  Joachim Frederick (1598-1608)&nbsp
  John Sigismund (1608-1620)&nbsp
  George William (1620-1640)&nbsp
  Frederick William (1640-1688)&nbsp
Kings of Prussia
  Frederick III (I) (1688-1713)&nbsp
  Frederick William I (1713-1740)&nbsp
  Frederick II, the Great (1740-1786)&nbsp
  Frederick William II (1786-1797)&nbsp
  Frederick William III (1797-1840)&nbsp
  Frederick William IV (1840-1861)&nbsp
German Emperors
  William I (1861-1888)&nbsp
  Frederick III (1888)&nbsp
  William II (1888-1918)&nbsp
  Proclamation of a Republic in 1918
Dukes of Prussia
  Albert (1525-1568)&nbsp
  Albert Frederick (1568-1618)&nbsp
  Union with Brandenburg

House of Liectenstein⁶
Margraves of Baden
  John Adam I (1699-1712)&nbsp
  Joseph Wenceslas (1712-1718)&nbsp
Margraves of Baden
  Anthony Florian (1718-1721)&nbsp
  Joseph John (1721-1732)&nbsp
  John Charles (1732-1748)&nbsp
  Joseph Wenceslas (1748-1772)&nbsp
  Francis Joseph I (1772-1781)&nbsp
  Aloysius I (1781-1805)&nbsp
  John I (1805-1836)&nbsp
  Aloysius II (1836-1858)&nbsp
  John II, the Good (1858-1929)&nbsp
  Francis I (1929-1938)&nbsp
  Francis Joseph II (1928-1989)&nbsp
  John Adam II (1989- , regent 1984-1989)&nbsp

The House of Wettin⁴
Electors of Saxony
  Frederick I, the Warlike (1423-1428)&nbsp
  Frederick the Gentle (1428-1464)&nbsp
Ernestine Line – Electors of Saxony
  Ernest (1464-1486)&nbsp
  Frederick III, the Wise (1486-1525)&nbsp
  John the Constant (1525-1532)&nbsp
  John Frederick the magnanimous (1532-1547)&nbsp
Albertine Line – Electors of Saxony
  Albert the Bold (1464-1500)&nbsp
  George the Bearded (1500-1539)&nbsp
  Henry the Pious (1539-1541)&nbsp
Electors of Saxony
  Maurice (1541-1553)&nbsp
  Augustus (1553-1586)&nbsp
  Christian I (1586-1591)&nbsp
  Christian II (1591-1611)&nbsp
  John George I (1611-1656)&nbsp
  John George II (1656-1680)&nbsp
  John George III (1680-1691)&nbsp
  John George IV (1691-1694)&nbsp
  Frederick Augustus I, the Strong (1694-1733)&nbsp
  Frederick Augustus II (1733-1763)&nbsp
  Frederick Christian (1763)&nbsp
Kings of Saxony
  Frederick Augustus III (I) (1763-1827)&nbsp
  Anthony (1827-1836)&nbsp
  Frederick Augustus II (1836-1854)&nbsp
  John (1854-1873)&nbsp
  Albert (1873-1902)&nbsp
  George (1902-1904)&nbsp
  Frederick Augustus III (1904-1918)&nbsp
  Proclamation of a Republic in 1918

Wittelsbachs of Bavaria⁵
Dukes of Bavaria
  Otto I (1180-1183)&nbsp
  Louis I, the Kelheimer (1183-1231)&nbsp
  Otto II, the Noble (1231-1253)&nbsp
Line of Lower Bavaria
  Henry XIII (1253-1290)&nbsp
  Louis III (1290-1296)&nbsp
  Stephen I (1296-1309)&nbsp
  Otto III (1290-1312)&nbsp
  Otto IV (1309-1334)&nbsp
  Henry XIV, the Elder (1309-1339)&nbsp
  Henry XIII (921-929)&nbsp
  Henry XV, the Natternberger (1312-1333)&nbsp
  John I, the Child (1339-1340)&nbsp
Line of Upper Bavaria
  Louis II, the Severe (1253-1294)&nbsp
  Rudolf I (1294-1317)&nbsp
Dukes of Bavaria
  Louis IV, the Bavarian (1294-1347)&nbsp
Line of Upper Bavaria
  Louis VI, the Roman (1347-1351)&nbsp
  Otto V (1347-1351)&nbsp
  Louis V, the Brandenburger (1347-1361)&nbsp
  Meinhard (1361-1363)&nbsp
Line of Lower Bavaria-Straubing
  William I (1347-1358)&nbsp
  Albert I (1347-1404)&nbsp
  Albert II (1387-1397)&nbsp
  John III (1404-1425)&nbsp
Line of Lower Bavaria-Landshut
  Stephen II (1347-1375)&nbsp
  Frederick (1375-1393)&nbsp
  Henry XVI, the Rich (1393-1450)&nbsp
  Louis IX, the Rich (1450-1479)&nbsp
  George, the Rich (1479-1503)&nbsp
Line of Lower Bavaria-Ingolstadt
  Stephen III, the Magnificent (1375-1413)&nbsp
  Louis VII, the Beaded (1413-1443)&nbsp
  Louis VIII, the Younger (1443-1445)&nbsp
Line of Lower Bavaria-Munich
  John II (1375-1397)&nbsp
  William III (1397-1435)&nbsp
  Ernest (1397-1438)&nbsp
  Albert III, the Pious (1438-1460)&nbsp
  John IV (1460-1463)&nbsp
  Sigismund (1460-1467)&nbsp
Dukes of Bavaria
  Albert IV, the Wise (1465-1508)&nbsp
  William IV (1508-1550)&nbsp
  Louis X (1516-1545)&nbsp
  Albert V (1550-1579)&nbsp
  William V, the Pious (1579-1597)&nbsp
Electors of Bavaria
  Maximilian I (1597-1651)&nbsp
  Ferdinand Maria (1651-1679)&nbsp
  Maximilian II Emanuel (1679-1726)&nbsp
  Charles Albert (1726-1745)&nbsp
  Maximilian III Joseph (1745-1777)&nbsp
Line of Sulzbach
  Charles Theodore (1777-1799)&nbsp
Line of Zweibrücken – Kings of Bavaria
  Maximilian IV (I) Joseph (1799-1825)&nbsp
  Louis I (1825-1848)&nbsp
  Maximilian II (1848-1864)&nbsp
  Louis II (1864-1886)&nbsp
  Luitpold (regent: 1886-1912)&nbsp
  Otto (1886-1913)&nbsp
  Louis III (1913-1918)&nbsp
  Proclamation of the Republic in 1918

Wittelsbachs of the Palatinate⁶
Electors of the Palatinate
  Rudolf II (1329-1353)&nbsp
  Rupert I (1353-1390)&nbsp
  Rupert II (1390-1398)&nbsp
  Rupert III (1398-1410)&nbsp
  Louis III (1410-1436)&nbsp
  Louis IV, the Gentle (1436-1449)&nbsp
  Frederick I, the Victorious (1452-1476, regent: 1449-1452)&nbsp
  Philip the Upright (1476-1508)&nbsp
  Louis V (1508-1544)&nbsp
  Frederick II (1544-1556)&nbsp
  Otto Henry (1556-1559)&nbsp
Line of Simmern
  Frederick III, the Pious (1559-1576)&nbsp
  Louis VI (1576-1583)&nbsp
  Frederick IV (1583-1610)&nbsp
  Frederick V, the Winter King (1610-1623)&nbsp
  Electorate awarded to Bavaria (1623-1648)
  Charles I Louis (1648-1680)&nbsp
  Charles II (1680-1685)&nbsp
Line of Neuberg
  Philip William (1685-1690)&nbsp
  John William (1690-1716)&nbsp
  Charles III Philip (1716-1742)&nbsp
Line of Sulzbach
  Charles IV Theodore (1742-1799)&nbsp
  Unified with Bavaria in 1777

House of Württemberg⁶
Counts of Württemberg
  Ulrich I, the Founder (1241-1265)&nbsp
  Ulrich II (1265-1279)&nbsp
  Eberhard I, the Noble (1279-1325)&nbsp
  Ulrich III (1325-1344)&nbsp
  Ulrich IV (1344-1362)&nbsp
  Eberhard II, the Quarrelsome (1344-1362)&nbsp
  Eberhard III, the Mild (1392-1417)&nbsp
  Eberhard IV, the Younger (1417-1419)&nbsp
Line of Stuttgart
  Ulrich V, the Beloved (1419-1480)&nbsp
  Eberhard VI, the Younger (1480-1482)&nbsp
Line of Urach
  Louis I, the Elder (1419-1450)&nbsp
  Louis II, the Younger (1450-1457)&nbsp
Dukes of Württemberg
  Eberhard V (I), the Bearded (1457-1496)&nbsp
  Eberhard II, the Younger (1496-1498)&nbsp
  Ulrich (1498-1550)&nbsp
  Christopher (1550-1568)&nbsp
  Louis (1568-1593)&nbsp
  Frederick I of Mömpelgard (1593-1608)&nbsp
  John Frederick (1608-1628)&nbsp
  Eberhard III (1628-1674)&nbsp
  William Louis (1674-1677)&nbsp
  Eberhard Louis (1677-1733)&nbsp
  Charles Alexander (1733-1737)&nbsp
  Charles Eugene (1737-1793)&nbsp
  Louis Eugene (1793-1795)&nbsp
  Frederick Eugene (1795-1797)&nbsp
Kings of Württemberg
  Frederick II (I) (1797-1816)&nbsp
  William I (1816-1864)&nbsp
  Charles (1864-1891)&nbsp
  William II (1891-1918)&nbsp
  Proclamation of the Republic in 1918

House of Zähringen⁶
Margraves of Baden
  Herman I (1064-1073)&nbsp
  Herman II (1073-1130)&nbsp
  Herman III (1130-1160)&nbsp
  Herman IV (1160-1190)&nbsp
  Herman V (1190-1243)&nbsp
  Herman VI (1243-1250)&nbsp
  Rudolf I (1243-1288)&nbsp
  Frederick I (1250-1268)&nbsp
  Herman VII (1288-1291)&nbsp
  Rudolf II (11288-1295)&nbsp
  Hesso (1288-1297)&nbsp
  Rudolf III (1288-1332)&nbsp
  Frederick II (1291-1333)&nbsp
  Rudolf IV (1291-1348)&nbsp
  Rudolf Hesso (1297-1335)&nbsp
  Herman VIII (1333-1353)&nbsp
  Frederick III, the Pacific (1348-1353)&nbsp
  Rudolf V (1348-1361)&nbsp
  Rudolf VI (1353-1372)&nbsp
  Rudolf VII (1372-1391)&nbsp
  Bernard I (1372-1431)&nbsp
  James I (1431-1453)&nbsp
  George (1453-1454)&nbsp
  Bernard II (1453-1458)&nbsp
  Charles I (1453-1475)&nbsp
  Christopher I (1475-1515)&nbsp
  Philip I (1515-1533)&nbsp
Line of Baden
  Bernard III (1515-1536)&nbsp
  Christopher II (1536-1556)&nbsp
  Philibert (1536-1569)&nbsp
  Philip II (1569-1588)&nbsp
  Edward Fortunatus (1588-1594)&nbsp
  United with Baden-Duralch (1594-1622)
  William (1622-1677)&nbsp
  Louis William (1677-1707)&nbsp
  Louis George (1707-1761)&nbsp
  Augustus George (1761-1771)&nbsp
Line of Durlach
  Ernest (1515-1552)&nbsp
  Bernard IV (1552-1553)&nbsp
  Charles II (1552-1577)&nbsp
  James III (1577-1590)&nbsp
  Ernest Frederick (1577-1604)&nbsp
  George Frederick (1577-1622)&nbsp
  Ernest James (1590-1591)&nbsp
  Frederick V (1622-1659)&nbsp
  Frederick VI (1659-1677)&nbsp
  Frederick Magnus (1677-1709)&nbsp
  Charles William (1709-1738)&nbsp
Grand Dukes of Baden
  Charles Frederick (1738-1811)&nbsp
  Charles (1811-1818)&nbsp
  Louis I (1818-1830)&nbsp
  Leopold (1830-1852)&nbsp
  Louis II (1852-1856)&nbsp
  Frederick I (1856-1907)&nbsp
  Frederick II (1907-1918)&nbsp
  Proclamation of the Republic in 1918

1. [S38] John Morby, Dynasties of the World (Oxford, U.K.: Oxford University Press, 1989), page 122-124.
2. [S38] ibid., pages 135-136.
3. [S38] ibid., page 137.
4. [S38] ibid., page 138.
5. [S38] ibid., pages 139-140.
6. [S38] ibid., page 141.

  Notes:
   Morby gives all names and titles in English, rather than the original German.